Exercise as it relates to Disease/Effects of exercise on cognitive abilities in elderly populations

Background
Although the decline in cognitive abilities as we age is widely variable, in general our cognitive abilities do decline in older populations. Studies into the effects that exercise can have on this decline have been produced for decades and have produced a wealth of knowledge on the subject. Exercise has been shown to positively effect the cognition of elderly adults (Adults of 60+ years and those with degenerative diseases of 50–60 years).

The Effects Exercise has on Cognitive Ability
Apart from the obvious benefits to the physical capabilities through increased fitness and physical function, exercise has long been shown to have a positive effect on cognition. Activities such as aerobic fitness training can have a “robust and beneficial influence on the cognition of sedentary older adults” (although this adaptation can be fairly specific). Not only has it been shown improve cognitive function but also decrease cognitive decline and incidences of degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s

Recommendations
Recommendations for exercise in elderly populations (specific for improving cognition) align with those of the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association of:

Aerobic activity
Moderate-intensity 30 mins 5 days pw Vigorous-intensity 20 mins 3 days per week

Muscle Strengthening Activity
8-10 exercises on 2 or more non consecutive days per week using the major muscle groups

Benefits of Greater Amounts of Activity
Participation in exercise above the recommended Aerobic and Muscle Strengthing activity has increased benefits

Flexibility Activity
10 mins at least 2 days per week

Balance Activity
Some balancing activity should be included