Effective Reasoning

Outline

 * 1) /Introduction/
 * 2) /Recommended Resources/
 * 3) /Effective Reasoning/
 * 4) * /Informal and Formal Reasoning/
 * 5) * /A History of Reasoning/
 * 6) * /Why Informal Reasoning?/
 * 7) * /Kinds of Informal Reasoning/
 * Critique/Analysis
 * Argumentation
 * Problem Solving/Decision Making
 * Analogical Reasoning
 * Causality and Correlation
 * Scientific Reasoning
 * Probabilistic Reasoning
 * Aesthetic Reasoning
 * Moral Reasoning
 * 1) * Need for Reasoning
 * Organizing Information (Deduction)
 * Solution of Problems
 * Resolution of Controversies
 * Discovery of Truth
 * 1) /Elements of Reasoning/
 * 2) * /Assumptions and Conclusions/
 * 3) * /Deduction and Induction/
 * 4) * /Truth and Falsity/
 * 5) * /Validation, Fallacy, Reliability/
 * 6) /Language/
 * 7) * /Verbal and Nonverbal Reasoning/
 * 8) * /Semantics and Syntax/
 * 9) * /Functions of Language and Forms of Discourse/
 * 10) * /Content/
 * 11) * /Agreement and Disagreement/
 * 12) * /Information, Concept, Reality, Virtual Reality/
 * 13) * /Fact and Opinion/
 * 14) * /Subjective and Objective/
 * 15) /Memory/
 * 16) * /How Memory Works/
 * 17) * /How Memory Works with Reason/
 * 18) * /How to Use Memory/
 * 19) /Sources of Appeal/
 * 20) * /Empiricism/
 * 21) * /Force/
 * 22) * /Origin and Agreement/
 * 23) * /Circumstance/
 * 24) * /Relationship and Relevancy/
 * 25) * /Nihilistic Arguments and Other "Dead-End" Arguments/
 * 26) /Definition and Focus/
 * 27) * /Definition and Problem Solving/
 * 28) * /Definition and Discourse/
 * 29) * /Kinds of Definition/
 * 30) * /Meaning/
 * 31) * /Defining/
 * 32) * /Ambiguity/
 * 33) /Deduction/
 * 34) * /Proof, Support, Evidence, and Warrant/
 * 35) * /Forms of Deduction/
 * 36) /Inductive Reasoning/
 * 37) * /Reasoning from Parts to Whole and from Whole to Parts/
 * 38) * /Analogical Reasoning/
 * 39) * /Correlation and Causal Connection/
 * 40) * /Mill's Methods/
 * 41) * /Commonplaces and Arguments from Form/
 * 42) * /Hybrid Forms of Inference/
 * 43) * /Science/
 * 44) * /The Scientific Method/
 * 45) * /Experimentation and Ad Hoc Hypothesis/
 * 46) * /Sociological/Anthropological Methods/
 * 47) * /Probability/
 * 48) * /Probabilistic Method/
 * 49) * /Expected Value/
 * 50) * /Intuition and Reasoning/
 * 51) /Doubt/
 * 52) * /A History of Doubt/
 * 53) * /Systematic Doubt, Certainty and Uncertainty, and Chaos/
 * 54) * /Existentialism, Relativism,and Postmodernism/
 * 55) /Argumentation/
 * 56) /Literary Criticism/
 * 57) /Aesthetic Criticism/
 * 58) /Moral Reasoning/
 * 59) /Apologetics and Religious Criticism/