Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. c3

= Ponziani Opening =

3. c3
The Ponziani opening is one of the oldest openings in chess history and chess books as it supports an immediate d4. Although it’s rarely seen in tournaments, it’s very underrated as white can control the centre and develop pieces quickly.

Some evaluations:

The defense 3. ...Nf6 often leads to a game where White has a small space advantage plus a small time advantage. Not really a bad deal at all. This defense, however, is rather quiet and drawish.

The defense 3. ... d5 leads to a good fight for both sides but really the person who knows current theory best will probably get a very good game.

The defense 3. ... f5 fairly often leads to a White advantage but again theory must be known.

The defense 3. ... d6 will usually lead to a positions often reached via the Ruy Lopez, Steinitz Variation, which are usually just fine for White.

Theory table
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 * 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. c3