Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. c3

=Sicilian - Alapin Variation= White plays c3 with the aim of avoiding the classic Sicilian lines. As both the Closed Sicilian and Open Sicilian have been extensively studied, their use involves a lot of theory to become comfortable with them. This means low- and mid-rated players (up to Club level) would not be familiar with all the variations of the Sicilian lines, and are prone to traps and gambits.

The Alapin is known as an "anti-Sicilian" as it primarily stems Black’s initiative and helps White gain control of the d4 square.

Named after Semyon Alapin, the opening didn’t become popular until the latter 20th century. It was initially thought that the response 2 ...d5 was too strong a position for Black, but modern analysis has shown it to be more favourable for White.

Black’s response
Since White’s intention with 2.c3 is to then later play d4, Black’s response aims to disrupt this central control.

2 ...d5 used to be the default response, and is still very playable for Black. After 3.exd5 then 3 ...Qxd5, giving Black fast central control and quicker development. Notably, White is unable to bring their knight to c3 as the square is occupied by the c pawn.

2 ...Nf6 has gained popularity. Although not as aggressive for Black, it allows for a more solid structure going into the midgame. The main line follows with 3. e5 Nd5 (3 ...Ne4 is a mistake, as it allows 4. d3, leading to capture of the knight).

2 ...d6 and 2 ...e6 are less common openings, but still playable.

Theory table
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 * 1. e4 c5 2. c3