Bicycles/Equipment and Accessories/Lights

Lights are an essential cycling accessory and any cyclist that intends to ride in dim lighting conditions, or poor weather such as fog or rain should not consider riding without lights.

Why use lights?
Although bikes sold for use on the roads are required to be supplied with reflectors, these really should not be relied on to keep you visible on the roads. Cyclists should be responsible for their own safety and acknowledge that not only are proper lights a common courtesy to other road users, they are one of the ways to promote your safety on the roads. Darkness and bad weather can make cyclists almost invisible to other road users. A light may be the only thing that makes a driver or pedestrian realize that the faint shadow up ahead is actually a cyclist.

Types of Lighting
There is a wide selection of bicycle lights available, all with their own characteristics. It is definitely worth discussing your needs and cycling habits with the staff in the store you intend to buy your lights from.

There are generally three types of lighting used for bicycles, based around either Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Halogen filament bulbs or High-Intensity Discharge (HID) bulbs. It is very rare to see lights based around other light sources, so unless they are expressly recommended by an expert they should be treated with caution when buying. Bicycle lights can also be powered by different means. The most common are ordinary batteries, rechargeable batteries, "bottle" dynamos and Hub dynamos.

LED lighting systems
LED lights are very popular amongst cyclists and have a number of excellent characteristics. They are lightweight, relatively cheap, bright, compact and reliable. They require very little maintenance- LEDs have a very long lifespan and don't need to be replaced like bulbs. LEDs are generally battery powered and give excellent battery life. Many LED lighting systems are also demountable; you can detach the lights and take them with you if you are going to leave your bike locked up in public.

LED lights often come with the option of a variety of flashing modes, as well as a steady beam. While you are required by law to have lights attached to the frame that emit a steady beam, many cyclists also attach additional lights to their bike or clothing that are set to flash. Flashing lights tend to attract the attention of drivers and increase battery life although with LED there is little need to increase the battery life, especially if using rechargable batteries, and flashing lights can be distracting to other road users or cause you to be in more danger because it is more difficult to judge the distance of a flashing light.

One issue with LEDs is that they emit quite a narrow beam that appears weaker the further you move from the optimum viewing angle. All LED lights should have a light diffuser which will increase their effectiveness.

In 2014, modern high power white LEDs can be very bright, currently up to slightly over 1000 lumens from a single emitter and can completely replace older lighting systems under all conditions.

Halogen lighting systems
Most cyclists find that LEDs do not provide a powerful enough beam to illuminate the road. This means that while they work very well as a tail light in all conditions and as a headlight in areas with street lighting they will not provide illumination of the way ahead like a car's headlights might. Cyclists that need to cycle down unlit roads often choose a Halogen light for their headlight. Halogen lights give a very bright beam for relatively low power consumption, although they are more power hungry than LED systems. They tend to be available with more power source options than LED lights, such as rechargeable batteries and dynamos. Because they use more batteries and produce more heat than LEDs, halogen lights also tend to be very slightly bigger and heavier than LEDs, the trade off being their superior performance for specialist use.

Power Sources
Bicycle lights are normally powered by either batteries or dynamos. The Key difference between batteries and dynamos is that, by using a dynamo you generate your own electricity to power the lights on your bike and by using batteries you get power from a disposable (and environmentally harmful) source. Both the lights and the generators for Dynamo systems are initially more expensive than battery powered lights, however this can be offset over the lifespan of the product by the fact that you are not paying to recharge or replace batteries. While most battery powered lights attach to the bike by a simple clip mechanism, meaning they can be removed to prevent theft, most dynamo lights have to remain clipped to the frame due to the wiring that connects them to the Dynamo.

Battery power
LED systems tend to run off battery power, as it provides a steady, constant, compact and lightweight source of power that suits the characteristics of LED systems. LEDs don't use battery power very quickly and are a very economical form of bicycle lighting. You can use your own rechargeable batteries but they tend not to come as standard

Increasing your visibility
Wear light coloured clothing and reflective or illuminated materials. Make sure that the reflectors fitted to your bicycle are still attached. In the UK it is a legal requirement to have pedal reflectors and a rear reflector in addition to a white front light and a red rear light. Many cyclists are struck by vehicles emerging from side streets so consider fitting additional reflectors that work from the sides. Reflectors are available that fit to the wheels or onto spokes. Try to use lights that emit some light sideways as well as just forwards and backwards. Use your lights in low visibility conditions, for example if it is raining heavily or foggy, or if you are cycling when the sun is low in the sky and could dazzle other road users. Make sure that your lights are clean and that the batteries are in good condition. If you do not have suitable lighting or are caught out by nightfall, walk your bike instead of riding home you are better of late than _the_ late.

Tips
Always check that the lights you buy are weatherproof. You will need them in the rain!

Links with more information
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_lighting Wikipedia entry on bicycle lighting http://www.runmuki.com/commute/ a guide to bicycle communing http://www.lcc.org.uk/ the London Cycling Campaign website