Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of Mark/Chapter 7

"Clean" and "Unclean"
The Pharisees came to Jesus and saw that some of his disciples were “unclean” which meant that they had not washed there hands and such. People that came from the marketplace usually washed before they ate. The Pharisees asked Jesus why they hadn’t washed and why they didn’t do the traditions of the elders. Jesus told them that the Pharisees were just as Isaiah had prophesied. He told them that they were honored God with their lips but not their hearts. The Pharisees then proceeded to tell Jesus that he was only abiding by his own rules and not the rules of God. Jesus then set everyone straight by telling them that nothing that goes into a mans body will make them “unclean”, but what comes out of a mans body makes him “unclean.” After this Jesus left with the Disciples. The Disciples asked him about the parable. Jesus told them that no food could make a man “unclean” because that food goes into their stomach. The only things that make a man “unclean” are things that affect the heart. This is where sinful nature, sexual immorality, and evil come form.

Faith of the Woman
Jesus then left and he went to a foreign place where he did not want anyone to know where he was. This was hard to keep a secret because it was Jesus and people found out where he was staying. After a little while a woman of another faith came to Jesus because she had a daughter that was possessed. She begged Jesus to drive out the demon. Jesus told her that she should not give the child’s bread to the foreign dogs. She replied that even the dogs get crumbs. Jesus told her because of the response that she gave her daughter was healed. The woman left and found her daughter lying in bed and the demon was gone.

Jesus Heals A Deaf Man
Jesus then went into the region of the Decapolis. There he was confronted by some people that wanted him to heal a deaf man that could hardly talk. Jesus took them aside where the crowed was not and healed the man. He healed the man by sticking his fingers in the man’s ears and then spit and touched the man’s tongue. He then looked up at Heaven and said, “Ephphata” which means “be open”. When Jesus did this the man was healed and began to speak freely. He told the people not to tell anyone about this, but the people were so amazed that they couldn’t stop talking about it.

Mark 7: 1-23 Detailed Content Outline.

 * I. Heading: Pharisees saw disciples eating food with their hands that were “unclean” (7:2)
 * II. Mark explains what “unclean” means (7:3-4)
 * A. ceremonial washing and holding to the traditions of the elders (7:3)
 * B. Pharisees observer other traditions such as washing of the cups, pitches and kettles (7:4).


 * III. Pharisees ask Jesus why his disciples do not live according to the tradition of the elders (7:5)
 * A. Jesus responds (7:6)
 * 1. References Isaiah when telling about hypocrites.
 * a. Living by rules of man
 * b. worshiping in vain
 * c. not holding on to the commandment of God.
 * 2. Honoring your Father and Mothers
 * B. Jesus addresses the crowed.
 * 1. Nothing outside of a man can make him “unclean”(7:15).
 * 2. It is what comes out of a man that makes him “unclean” (7:15).
 * IV. Jesus Declares all foods “clean” (7:17-19)
 * A. Jesus tells his disciples that all things that enter the body from the outside go into the stomach no into a man’s heart.
 * B. What comes out of a man is what is “unclean” (7:21-22)
 * 1. it is what is in a man’s heart
 * a. evil thoughts
 * b. sexual immorality.
 * c. theft, murder, adultery, greed, malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance and folly.
 * C. All of these evils come from inside a man’s heart (7:23)

Word study

 * ἀνίπτοις
 * adjective, dative, plural, masculine
 * 449. ἄνιπτος ániptos;
 * gen. aníptou, masc.–fem., neut. ánipton, adj. from a
 * (1), without, and níptō (3538), to wash. Not washed (Matt. 15:20; Mark 7:2, 5).

Syn.: akáthartos (169), dirty; rhuparós (4508), filthy. Ant.: katharós (2513), clean. Matt 15:20 – These are what defile a person. But to eat with unwashed hands does not defile anyone.

Mark 7:2 – hey was that some of his disciples ate with hands that were defiled, that is, unwashed.


 * The term unwashed is a clarification to the reader about what this is meaning. Originally the Bible uses the Greek for “With defiled hands”. This is used in the biblical sense of “ritually unclean”. Using the term “unwashed” has some assumptions that go with it. IT assumes that the reader is unfamiliar with either the term “With defiled hands” or with the Jewish custom of hand washing (Guelich).

Literary Types

 * These are the types of literature found in Mark Chapter 7
 * Mark 1:2-16:20	Gospel, Gospel Narrative
 * Mark 7:1-23	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Pronouncement Story: Controversy
 * Mark 7:6-7	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Pronouncement Story: Controversy, OT Quote
 * Mark 7:8-9	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Pronouncement Story: Controversy, Legal Saying
 * Mark 7:10	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Pronouncement Story: Controversy, OT Quote
 * Mark 7:11-13	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Pronouncement Story: Controversy, Legal Saying
 * Mark 7:14-23	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Pronouncement Story: Controversy, Parable
 * Mark 7:24-30	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Miracle Story: Healing
 * Mark 7:31-37	Gospel, Gospel Narrative, Miracle Story: Healing

Introduction
Christ came to differentiate from the ceremonial law. He came to reject the things that man had added to God’s law. In Mark chapter 7 he is doing this when he tells his disciples to have clean hands and heart, which is very different from superstitions of the Pharisees. This leads into what Christ says next about what defines a man. Christ explains that the only things that define us as people are our thought, actions and words. We are not defined by the rituals we do, it is all about the heart and where our heart is at when we do the things we do.

Clean and Unclean
The first section in Mark chapter 7 deals with the controversy of tradition. This first section is verses 1-23. The first part of this section is when the disciples are accused of defiling food because they did not do the ceremonial washing before they ate. In verses three and four, Mark explains the tradition that is usually upheld with regards to eating. This is unique and more than likely means that Marks earliest readers were gentile Christians (Hurtado).

The Pharisees in first five ask “Why don’t’ your disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders.” The main question that is raised in this verse is the fact that they are talking more on a broader scale of the “traditions of the elders” and not just about the ritual washing (Guelich). It seems here that Jesus has no regard for the Jewish traditions here, but on the contrary, Jesus’ response to the Pharisees remarks is alluding to an internal cleanliness with regards to sin and unrighteousness originate (Elwell). He does this by first quoting Isa. 29:13 which simply talks about how some will worship God with their lips, but their hearts will be no where close to following God (Guelich). Jesus then goes on in this passage to debate against the religious leaders that most of these “traditions” are man-made and really have no part in pleasing God.

In verses 1-13 is essentially another conflict that Jesus has with the Pharisees. Jesus had the same type of conflict with the Pharisees many times before. Essentially, the Pharisees did not like the ministry that Jesus and the disciples were doing. The ministry that they did was a traveling ministry. They were proclaiming the forthcoming kingdom of God. These were people on the road that would eat when food was offered and did not ever turn down an opportunity to have a meal. They would also usually eat with the people that provided the food. Jesus was more worried and focused on the ministry and having the kingdom of God come to earth. This was more important than the rituals that the “Pharisaic lifestyle embodied”(Hurtado). Which in this case, Jesus put more importance on the relational part of the ministry than the hand washing rituals that the Pharisees would usually perform before a meal. Verses 14-23 is about Jesus talking to the crowd and then explaining himself to his disciples. Jesus goes on to return to the questions on ritual purity. In this section, Jesus basically discards the ritual of unclean food and he says that all food is clean. Although Jesus is saying that there are no longer unclean foods, this is not the only thing that he is talking about. The bigger picture here is the warning that Jesus gives to Jews and Gentiles alike when he talks about how people may be doing the right rituals and have everything clean and polished on the outside, but yet the inner self is impure and sinful(Hurtado).

Introduction
The second part of the passage deals with two different accounts of healing. The first one is the account of a mother coming to ask that her daughter be healed. He says a line about not feeding the dogs before the children and this could have something to do with the mercy that was shown to the Gentiles, but the woman’s response is not downplaying the mercy shown to the Gentiles, but to say that the Jews have been healed too. The next account deals with a man that is cured of being deaf and mute.

Faith of the Woman
The first heal that is mentioned is the healing of a woman’s daughter. This is not just the fact that this is a healing, but it highlights the faith of this woman. This woman is a gentile, which the Pharisees and the teachers of the law would not help let alone associate with. Jesus went into mixed Jewish-Gentile territory where the people had more faith than those who were considered the more faithful and that had it all together. When the woman asks for her daughter to be saved Jesus responds with, “First let the children eat all they want, for it is not right to take the children bread and toss it to their dogs.” When he says this, he is testing this woman’s faith, but also is pointing out the priority plan of salvation (Elwell). The woman’s response is what really makes this passage stick out. Her response is the fact that dogs get crumbs of the table. Here she is talking about how not only Jews are saved, but Gentiles too. In this instance the Children are the Jews because they are the children of God and the dogs are the Gentiles. Therefore, saying that dogs will get crumbs is saying that everyone has access to the kingdom of God. The second part of this meeting with the Gentile woman is her faith that she has. This woman did not bring her child with her, but asks Jesus to heal her. This woman had to have faith that Jesus would actually be able to heal her daughter. This woman is asking for attention for not just herself, but for Gentiles as a whole. She was opening the door for the mission to the Gentiles and Jesus was providing the grounds for that by granting this woman’s request.

Healing Of A Deaf Man
This second miracle that Jesus does is also a miracle done on faith. It also is showing Jesus’ attention to the needy person (Hurtado). Hurtado says that this could be taken in the fact that it was to encourage the faith of this man (117). This part of the passage in the Marcan text suggest that in Jesus the eschatological rein of God is present (Williamson). After Jesus is done doing this miracle he commands everyone not to tell anyone about what has just happened. The Reader knows more than the ones in the story in regards to what is happening and to what will unfold in the rest of the gospel (Williamson).

Comparisons between Mark and Matthew

 * Green= Parts of this passage is found in both in Mark and Matthew
 * Blue= Parts of this passage are only found in Matthew
 * Red= Parts of this passage are only found in Mark

Similarities

 * What Jesus Says to the Pharisees and the situation with them.
 * When the Disciples ask him what the parable was about, these are practically the same between the two.

Differences

 * There were some extra information in the Mark passage. Some more explanation than in the Matthew passage.
 * The story about the woman and her daughter was more in depth in the Matthew passage.
 * It was more broad in the Matthew passage when it came to the deaf man.
 * There is a big section after the deaf man in the Matthew passage.

Questions

 * 1) Why is there so much more information in the Mark passage?
 * 2) What Jesus said is different between the passages.
 * 3) Why did Mark leave out the question asked by the disciples?
 * 4) Is Jesus only talking about food when he talks about being “unclean” and “clean”?
 * 5) Was Jesus sinning when he didn’t wash?
 * 6) Matthew has a big dialogue account with the woman and the demon possessed child, why does Mark leave this out?
 * 7) Why is there a discrepancy about where Jesus went? Or Why is Mark so much more detailed about this?
 * 8) Why does Matthew tell us that the woman is a Canaanite?
 * 9) What does Jesus mean by the statement about the dogs?
 * 10) Who are the Children Jesus Speaks of?
 * 11) Was Jesus really testing her faith?
 * 12) Why did the Woman answer the way she did?
 * 13) Jesus says this huge “speech” in Matthew’s account about compassion. Why?
 * 14) Why does Mark do into detail about what happened to the woman’s daughter?
 * 15) Did Mark go with the woman to her house?
 * 16) How does he know what happened to her?
 * 17) Why does Jesus not want anyone to know about what he did?
 * 18) If Jesus doesn’t want to be lifted up for what he did why do we praise him like we do?
 * 19) Why does mark just tell about one of the deaf men?
 * 20) Why is he so significant?