BLL German/A1/Pronunciation

Bite-sized language lessons for German - Level A1 - Pronunciation
This is an overview of how German is pronounced. German pronunciation is very regular, hence it makes sense to explain all the rules. For this reason, this page will be more extensive and structured differently than the rest of the lessons. You don't need to learn all this by heart, just read it for a basic idea of what German should sound like and then refer to it whenever you're unsure of how something should be pronounced.

For the purpose of examples of various sounds and letters, I shall be using the following words and phrases, most of which you will find useful to know:

In order to hear one of these words and phrases pronounced, just click on it. This also applies to the latter parts of this lesson, when the same words will be used to illustrate all aspects of German pronunciation.

German uses the same alphabet as English, with the following additions: ß, ä, ö and ü. The sound of the letters is not always the same as in English though. It is mainly the vowels and the r that sound different. Since German didn't undergo the vowel shift that makes English vowels so different and French and Spanish didn't undergo that shift either, it is always better in cases of doubt to assume that a German vowel is pronounced like a French or Spanish one, rather than an English vowel.

Vowels and vowel combinations
Here's a list of all vowels and vowels combinations, an explanation of how they sound and a sample:

Consonants and consonant combinations
Now for the consonants. Fortunately most of them are like in English. I will just provide explanations for those that are different or may be different. If you are still unsure about a consonant that is not listed, just consult the list of sample words. Every consonant appears there at some place.