Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/Cyclops/295

Annotations
Gladiolus Cruentus   (Latin) Gladiolus cruentus is the scientific name for a flowering plant known as the blood-red gladiolus on account of the colour of its flowers. The plant is a native of South Africa. Its name could be translated as little blood-stained sword, appropriate for the favourite flower of an executioner.

When identifying a species through its scientific name, it is now modern usage to capitalize the genus (Gladiolus) but not the species (cruentus). See also 284.13.

hoch   (German) noble, sublime. Hoch is used in German toasts and salutations. The German for Long live the king! is Hoch lebe der König, while Hoch der Kaiser! means Up the Kaiser!

banzai   (Japanese) ten thousand years. Banzai is used as both a battle cry and a salutation to the emperor.

eljen   (Errata). This should be spelled éljen.

éljen   (Hungarian) long live...! This is the third perlson singular, present subjunctive indefinite of the verb él (to live).

zivio   (Serbo-Croatian). This should be spelled živio.

živio   (Serbo-Croatian) long live...!, cheers!. This is the optative mood (here identical to the active past participle, masculine singular) of the verb žívjeti (to live).

chinchin   (Pidgin English) This is a traditional salutation and toast from the Far East. Chinchin is probably of Chinese origin.

polla kronia   (Modern Greek) many happy returns. The usual form in Modern Greek is χρόνια πολλά, so perhaps Joyce's text could be amended to: khrónia pollá.

hiphip   (American) From hip hip hooray.

vive   (French) long live...!

Allah   (Arabic) God. As an interjection' Allah! is generally used to express surprise, not to acclaim a leader.

evviva   (Italian) long live...!