Analog and Digital Conversion/DAC Converters

DAC Converter Steps
An Digital to Analog converter (DAC) takes a digital signal and converts it, through a mathematical function, into an analog signal. Again, the DAC may be implemented in a number of ways, but conceptually it contains two steps:


 * 1) Convert each time step of the digital signal into an "impulse" with the appropriate energy. In a real system, this could be accomplished by creating short pulses that have the same voltage, but whose total power is modified by changing the pulse length.  This pulse train produces a signal whose frequency response is periodic (and theoretically extends to infinity).
 * 2) Apply a low-pass filter or an appropriate holding circuit to the time sequence of impulses. This removes all of the high-frequency periodicities, leaving only the reconstructed signal.