A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Fundamentals of programming/Variables

Let's take a look at this program: you might be expecting both programs to print out: Hello name you are age years old But instead they say:

Hello Peter you are 29 years old This also means you are 348 months old Bye Peter!

What friendly programs!

Let's break the VB.NET program down line by line:
 * 1)   is a variable declaration, creating a temporary data store, a variable, and calling it    It also makes sure that whatever goes into   will be a string by setting it to
 * 2) We declare another variable called   and make sure it is stored as an integer (a whole number)
 * 3) The variable name that we created earlier is now assigned a value and as it's a string we better use speech marks - "Peter"
 * 4) The variable age that we created earlier is now assigned a value and as it's an integer we better not use speech marks - 29
 * 5) This line writes things to the screen, starting with the text   which attaches that variable we saw earlier to, but instead of putting the variable name, it puts the contents of the variable ("Hello Peter"), then it attaches some more text ("Hello Peter you are ") and adds another variable, age.  Even though age is an integer we can stick it together with a string ("Hello Peter you are 29").  Then finally it uses the ampersand once more to attach the final piece of text ("Hello Peter you are 29 years old)
 * 6) This line works in pretty much the same way, but it does a calculation, working out the age in months.  Computers are like giant calculators you can use to do all the things your little pocket calc can do (and far far more!)
 * 7) The great thing about variables is that we can use them again and again. Here we say "Bye " and use an ampersand to stick on the name of the person.  This is great, by using a variable we only need to write "Peter" once and save it as  .  If someone else came along and wanted to change the program they just need to change the value of  .  Programming is all about being as lazy as possible.
 * 8) Good old   stops the screen disappearing too fast.



What you have just seen is a declaration of two variables, name and age. A variable is a known or unknown value that has been given a symbolic name. This allows the name to be used independently of the value. It is advisable that a meaningful name for readability and convenience. This name is known as the identifier. To declare a variable in VB.NET we do the following: Most programming languages have rules about identifiers: they generally have to use only Alphanumeric characters (a..Z, 0..9) and some languages are case sensitive (name != Name).

Once you have declared a variable you need to assign it a value. Assignment, in programming terms, is the giving of a value to a variable, for example: Here we are assigning the value  to the variable , so when we use  , we mean the value  : Producing:

The value stored in identifierName is: 7

Update the code above to display the age in days, hours, minutes and seconds. No use of calculators! Use the code to do all the work for you.

Give a good reason why you made age a variable in the previous code

To keep track of a changing value that is used in many places but only needs to be updated in one.

What will the following code output:

The sum of x + y = 54 y goes into x 5 times x multiplied by y = 405

A couple of things to note here:
 * on line 1 We declared two variables on the same line. I told you programmers were lazy
 * on line 5 we did a division using a forward slash. Look at your keyboard there isn't a division sign
 * on line 6 we performed a multiply using a star/asterisk. If   can be used as a variable name we better use another symbol, the symbol is *

Let's break the Python program down line by line:
 * 1) This line contains a variable declaration, creating a temporary data store, a variable, called  .  We assign a value to it with  . In this case it's a string (which Python can tell automatically) so we better use speech marks
 * 2) We declare another variable called  , assigning a value to it. As it's an integer we better not use speech marks -.
 * 3) This line writes things to the screen, starting with the text  . Next, the plus symbol (+) is used to attach the   variable we saw earlier, but instead of putting the variable name, it puts the contents of the variable ("Hello Peter"). It attaches some more text ("Hello Peter you are ") and adds the other variable,   ("Hello Peter you are 29").  To add the   integer variable we convert it to a string using the built-in string function  .  Finally it uses the plus symbol (+) once more to attach the final piece of text ("Hello Peter you are 29 years old).
 * 4) This line works in pretty much the same way, but it does a calculation, working out the age in months.  Computers are like giant calculators you can use to do all the things your little pocket calc can do (and far far more!)
 * 5) The great things about variables is that we can use them again and again. Here we say "Bye " and use a plus to stick on the name of the person.  This is great, by using a variable we only need to write "Peter" once and save it as  .  If someone else came along and wanted to change the program they just need to change the value of  .  Programming is all about being as lazy as possible.

What you have just seen is a declaration of two variables, name and age. A variable is a known or unknown value that has been given a symbolic name. This allows the name to be used independently of the value. It is advisable to use a meaningful name for readability and convenience. This name is known as the identifier. To declare a variable in Python we simply create it with a meaningful name.

Most programming languages have rules about identifiers: they generally have to use only Alphanumeric characters (a..Z, 0..9) and some languages are case sensitive (name != Name).

Once you have declared a variable you need to assign it a value. Assignment, in programming terms, is the giving of a value to a variable, for example: Here we are assigning the value  to the variable , so when we use  , we mean the value  : Producing:

The value stored in identifierName is: 7